SPECIAL TREATMENT
- Saebo – Upper-Limb Neurorehabilitation System
- ZEPU AI1 – Advanced Robotic Gait Training and Evaluation System
- ZEPU AI2 – Upper-Extremity Feedback Training and Evaluation System
- ZEPU AI6 – 3D Upper-Limb Active and Passive Training and Evaluation System
- ZEPU AI9 – Passive-Training Lower-Limb Exoskeleton Rehabilitation Robot
- Resistive CAP Energy – Electro-Capacitive Therapy
- Deep Cryotherapy
- Immersive Proprioceptive Balance Training
- Radial Shockwave Therapy
- Tecar – Electromagnetic Energy Therapy
- Gait Swing Training Unit
Professional description:
Saebo is a specialized upper-limb neurorehabilitation technology designed to facilitate task-specific, repetitive, goal-oriented training of the affected upper extremity. Its therapeutic approach is particularly relevant to contemporary neurorehabilitation principles of motor learning, neuroplasticity, intensive practice, active participation, and functional task repetition. Depending on the specific Saebo technology, the system can assist patients with reaching, grasping, releasing, and manipulation while compensating for weakness or impaired motor control. From a physiotherapy and rehabilitation perspective, Saebo can be incorporated into an individualized program targeting selective motor control, active range of motion, coordination, dexterity, and functional upper-limb use.
Pathological cases and patient profiles:
Saebo is particularly relevant for patients with stroke and post-stroke hemiparesis, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and other acquired neurological conditions associated with upper-limb weakness, impaired motor control, abnormal muscle tone, reduced active range of motion, or impaired hand function. It is especially suitable for patients who retain some voluntary movement but have difficulty performing functional reaching, grasping, releasing, or object manipulation. Patient selection should consider motor recovery stage, voluntary activation, spasticity, sensory impairment, cognitive status, pain, joint integrity, and ability to actively participate.
Expected benefits and functional outcomes:
Expected outcomes include improvements in upper-limb motor control, active range of motion, reaching performance, grasp-and-release function, coordination, dexterity, strength, and functional use of the affected limb. Repetitive task-specific practice may support motor learning and facilitate incorporation of the affected upper extremity into meaningful activities. The ultimate rehabilitation objectives are improved activity performance, independence in activities of daily living (ADLs), and participation, including feeding, grooming, dressing, reaching, and object manipulation. Progress should be quantified using validated outcome measures such as the Fugl-Meyer Assessment–Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Box and Block Test, Wolf Motor Function Test, and Nine-Hole Peg Test.
Professional description:
The ZEPU AI1 is an advanced robotic gait-training and evaluation system designed to provide high-repetition, task-specific, intensive gait practice in a controlled and supervised environment. Robotic assistance can facilitate repetitive stepping while allowing the rehabilitation professional to progressively modify the level of assistance according to the patient’s motor capacity and recovery. From a neurorehabilitation perspective, the system supports principles of motor learning, repetitive task practice, gait retraining, motor control, and progressive reduction of assistance. Its evaluation capabilities can additionally support objective monitoring of gait performance and functional progression.
Pathological cases and patient profiles:
The AI1 may be particularly appropriate for individuals with gait dysfunction following stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, cerebral palsy, acquired brain injury, and other neurological disorders. It can also be useful for patients with severe lower-limb weakness, impaired postural control, reduced walking endurance, deconditioning, or impaired functional mobility following prolonged hospitalization or selected orthopedic conditions. Appropriate candidates should be assessed for weight-bearing tolerance, cardiovascular stability, lower-limb range of motion, motor control, balance, cognition, spasticity, and ability to participate in repetitive gait practice.
Expected benefits and functional outcomes:
Expected rehabilitation outcomes include improvement in gait speed, walking endurance, step symmetry, temporal-spatial gait parameters, weight shifting, lower-limb motor control, dynamic balance, and functional mobility. High-repetition gait practice can provide an opportunity for intensive motor practice and progression toward more independent ambulation. Functional goals may include improved bed-to-chair transfers, standing, household ambulation, community mobility, and reduced dependence on physical assistance or assistive devices. Objective monitoring can incorporate the 10-Meter Walk Test, 6-Minute Walk Test, Timed Up and Go, Functional Ambulation Category, gait analysis, and patient-specific functional goals.
Professional description:
The ZEPU AI2 is an upper-extremity rehabilitation and evaluation system designed to facilitate active, repetitive, task-oriented movement training with real-time feedback. Feedback-based rehabilitation can provide patients with information regarding movement performance and encourage active engagement during therapeutic exercise. Within a neurorehabilitation framework, the system can be incorporated into interventions targeting motor learning, neuroplasticity, selective motor control, reaching, coordination, movement accuracy, and functional upper-limb performance.
Pathological cases and patient profiles:
The AI2 may benefit patients with upper-limb impairment secondary to stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, Parkinsonian disorders, and other neurological conditions. It is particularly relevant for patients presenting with hemiparesis, impaired reaching, reduced active range of motion, weakness, impaired coordination, decreased movement accuracy, or reduced functional use of the affected upper limb. Selected orthopedic patients may also benefit when active movement is clinically indicated. Patient assessment should consider motor recovery, strength, range of motion, sensory function, pain, spasticity, cognition, and ability to engage with feedback-based training.
Expected benefits and functional outcomes:
Expected outcomes include improved motor control, reaching accuracy, active range of motion, coordination, movement efficiency, endurance, and functional use of the affected upper limb. Repetitive feedback-based practice may facilitate active participation and support motor learning. Functional improvements should ultimately be reflected in ADL performance and independence, including reaching, grasping, feeding, dressing, grooming, object manipulation, and bimanual activities. Relevant outcome measures include the FMA-UE, ARAT, Box and Block Test, Nine-Hole Peg Test, Wolf Motor Function Test, and patient-reported functional measures.
Professional description:
The ZEPU AI6 is a three-dimensional upper-limb rehabilitation system designed to provide passive, assisted, and active movement training across multiple planes of movement. Its ability to progress from assisted movement toward active participation makes it suitable for different stages of neurological recovery. The three-dimensional approach supports rehabilitation of coordinated movement patterns involving the shoulder and upper extremity and can be incorporated into a broader program emphasizing motor control, active movement, repetitive practice, proprioceptive input, coordination, and task-specific functional training.
Pathological cases and patient profiles:
The AI6 may be appropriate for patients with stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, Parkinson’s disease, neurological weakness, and selected orthopedic upper-limb conditions. Passive and assisted modes can be particularly relevant for patients with severe weakness, limited voluntary movement, reduced active range of motion, or impaired motor control. Active training can then be progressed as voluntary movement and selective motor control improve. Clinical selection should consider joint integrity, pain, spasticity, contracture, motor recovery stage, sensory deficits, and cognitive capacity.
Expected benefits and functional outcomes:
Potential outcomes include improvement in joint mobility, active range of motion, motor control, coordination, reaching trajectory, movement accuracy, upper-limb strength, and functional capacity. Progressive transition from passive or assisted movement to active training can increase patient participation and support progression toward independent functional movement. Functional outcomes include improved ability to reach, position the hand, bring the hand to the mouth, dress, groom, feed, and manipulate objects. Assessment may include the FMA-UE, ARAT, Wolf Motor Function Test, range-of-motion measurements, strength assessment, and task-specific functional testing.
Professional description:
The ZEPU AI9 is a robotic lower-limb exoskeleton designed to provide controlled passive and assisted repetitive movement of the lower extremities. It can be integrated into early-stage or low-function rehabilitation when voluntary motor output is insufficient to perform adequate repetitions independently. From a neurorehabilitation perspective, repetitive lower-limb movement may provide opportunities for sensorimotor stimulation, motor practice, joint mobility, movement pattern training, and preparation for subsequent active rehabilitation.
Pathological cases and patient profiles:
The AI9 may be considered for patients with significant lower-limb motor impairment following stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and other neurological disorders associated with severe weakness or impaired motor control. It may also be useful during rehabilitation following prolonged immobilization or hospitalization. Appropriate patient selection requires assessment of joint integrity, range of motion, contractures, spasticity, pain, bone health, cardiovascular status, sensory function, and tolerance to positioning and repetitive movement.
Expected benefits and functional outcomes:
Potential benefits include maintenance or improvement of lower-limb joint mobility, repetitive movement capacity, sensorimotor input, motor control, and tolerance to therapeutic positioning and subsequent active exercise. It may serve as a bridge toward more active interventions such as strengthening, standing, transfer training, and gait rehabilitation. Functional progression may include improved preparation for sit-to-stand, transfers, standing, weight bearing, active lower-limb exercise, and gait training. Outcomes should be documented through objective measures of range of motion, strength, mobility, functional independence, and progression toward patient-centered mobility goals.
Professional description:
Resistive CAP Energy therapy is an electromagnetic energy modality utilizing capacitive and resistive radiofrequency energy to influence tissues within the treated region. In physiotherapy, it may be incorporated into a multimodal treatment program where pain, stiffness, or reduced tissue mobility limits active rehabilitation. From a rehabilitation perspective, its role is primarily adjunctive, creating a therapeutic window in which the patient may better tolerate subsequent manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, mobility training, or functional rehabilitation.
Pathological cases and patient profiles:
CAP Energy may be considered in selected musculoskeletal pain disorders, tendinopathies, muscle injuries, joint stiffness, osteoarthritis-related symptoms, chronic soft-tissue conditions, and sports-related injuries. It may also be incorporated into selected postoperative or orthopedic rehabilitation programs when medically appropriate. Patient selection should be based on a comprehensive assessment of the pain mechanism, tissue irritability, range of motion, functional limitations, stage of healing, contraindications, and rehabilitation goals.
Expected benefits and functional outcomes:
The principal clinical objectives may include pain modulation, reduction of perceived stiffness, improved tissue extensibility, improved tolerance to movement, and facilitation of therapeutic exercise. Its value should be evaluated in terms of its ability to facilitate active rehabilitation rather than isolated short-term symptom relief. Potential functional outcomes include improved range of motion, exercise tolerance, strength progression, mobility, and performance of ADLs, with outcomes documented through pain scales, ROM, strength, functional tests, and patient-reported outcome measures.
Professional description:
Deep Cryotherapy is a controlled therapeutic cooling intervention used within rehabilitation for symptom modulation and management of pain and tissue irritability. Cooling can influence pain perception and local physiological responses and may be incorporated strategically before or after therapeutic exercise depending on the clinical objective. In contemporary physiotherapy practice, cryotherapy should be viewed as an adjunct to an active rehabilitation program rather than a substitute for therapeutic exercise, functional training, or progressive loading.
Pathological cases and patient profiles:
It may be appropriate for selected acute and subacute musculoskeletal injuries, sports injuries, postoperative rehabilitation, joint pain, soft-tissue irritation, and conditions in which pain limits participation in therapeutic exercise. It may also be considered in selected neurological rehabilitation situations when symptom modulation is clinically indicated. Screening is particularly important for patients with sensory impairment, peripheral vascular disease, cold hypersensitivity, impaired tissue integrity, or other contraindications.
Expected benefits and functional outcomes:
The expected therapeutic objectives include pain modulation, reduction of perceived swelling or tissue irritability, improved tolerance to movement, and improved participation in rehabilitation. Its functional role is to facilitate the patient’s ability to engage in active interventions such as ROM exercises, strengthening, gait training, and functional activities. Outcomes should therefore focus on pain during activity, movement tolerance, ROM, mobility, exercise participation, and functional performance rather than only immediate post-treatment analgesia.
Professional description:
The Immersive Proprioceptive Balance Training system provides an interactive environment for progressive training of postural control, proprioception, weight shifting, anticipatory and reactive postural adjustments, coordination, and sensorimotor integration. It allows clinicians to manipulate task difficulty and provide real-time feedback while increasing repetition and patient engagement. The system can therefore be integrated into a progressive balance-training program ranging from static postural control to dynamic, functional, and potentially dual-task activities.
Pathological cases and patient profiles:
It is particularly relevant for individuals with impaired balance following stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, vestibular disorders, cerebellar disorders, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, peripheral neuropathy, and age-related functional decline. It can also support orthopedic rehabilitation after lower-limb injury or surgery when proprioception and postural control have been affected. Patients with fall risk, impaired weight transfer, delayed postural reactions, reduced proprioceptive input, gait instability, or fear of falling may particularly benefit.
Expected benefits and functional outcomes:
Expected outcomes include improved static and dynamic postural control, proprioception, weight transfer, anticipatory and reactive balance strategies, coordination, gait stability, and confidence during mobility. These improvements may translate into better performance of transfers, turning, stair negotiation, obstacle crossing, uneven-surface walking, and community mobility, with the ultimate goal of reducing activity limitations and fall risk. Outcome assessment may include the Berg Balance Scale, Mini-BESTest, Timed Up and Go, Functional Reach Test, Four Square Step Test, gait speed, and patient-specific mobility measures.
Professional description:
Radial Shockwave Therapy is an extracorporeal mechanical-energy intervention that delivers radial pressure waves to targeted musculoskeletal tissues. In contemporary rehabilitation, it is primarily used as an adjunctive intervention for selected chronic tendon and musculoskeletal disorders. Its clinical application should be integrated into a broader evidence-informed rehabilitation strategy incorporating progressive loading, strengthening, movement retraining, education, load management, and graded return to activity.
Pathological cases and patient profiles:
Radial shockwave therapy may be considered for selected plantar fasciopathy, Achilles tendinopathy, patellar tendinopathy, lateral epicondylalgia, selected shoulder tendinopathies, and chronic myofascial or soft-tissue disorders. It is particularly relevant when symptoms are persistent and have limited progression with conventional conservative management. Patient selection should be pathology-specific and consider symptom duration, tissue irritability, loading tolerance, functional limitations, and contraindications.
Expected benefits and functional outcomes:
Expected clinical outcomes include reduction in pain, improved tolerance to mechanical loading, improved functional capacity, and progression toward normal physical activity in appropriately selected patients. The primary functional objective is not simply symptom reduction but restoration of the patient’s ability to tolerate progressive loading and return to meaningful activities. Outcomes may include improved walking, running, occupational activities, sporting performance, strength, and activity participation, measured using pain scales, strength testing, functional tests, and pathology-specific patient-reported outcome measures such as VISA-A and VISA-P.
Professional description:
Tecar therapy is an electromagnetic energy modality that uses radiofrequency energy through capacitive and/or resistive applications. Within physiotherapy, it is generally incorporated into a multimodal rehabilitation program with the objective of facilitating movement and improving tolerance to active treatment. Its role should be framed as an adjunct to therapeutic exercise, manual therapy, progressive loading, mobility training, and functional rehabilitation, rather than as a replacement for active interventions.
Pathological cases and patient profiles:
Tecar may be considered for selected musculoskeletal pain conditions, muscle injuries, tendinopathies, joint stiffness, osteoarthritis-related symptoms, sports injuries, chronic soft-tissue disorders, and selected postoperative or orthopedic rehabilitation conditions. It may be particularly useful when pain or stiffness represents a barrier to active rehabilitation. Treatment should be based on clinical assessment of the patient’s pathology, tissue irritability, functional limitation, stage of healing, treatment goals, and contraindications.
Expected benefits and functional outcomes:
Clinical objectives may include pain modulation, reduction of perceived stiffness, improved movement tolerance, tissue extensibility, and facilitation of active rehabilitation. The ultimate outcome should be measured at the level of function and activity rather than solely by immediate symptomatic response. Potential functional outcomes include improved ROM, strength, gait, exercise tolerance, mobility, ADL performance, occupational capacity, and participation in meaningful activities.
Professional description:
The Gait Swing Training Unit is a specialized gait-rehabilitation technology designed to facilitate repetitive training of swing-phase lower-limb movement, including limb advancement and coordinated hip and knee movement. It can be incorporated into task-specific gait rehabilitation to address impairments in selective motor control, limb advancement, and foot clearance. From a neurorehabilitation perspective, it supports repetitive practice of a specific component of the gait cycle and should be integrated with comprehensive training of stance control, weight transfer, balance, strength, motor control, and functional ambulation.
Pathological cases and patient profiles:
The device may be beneficial for patients with gait dysfunction following stroke, incomplete spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, Parkinson’s disease, peripheral neurological disorders, and other conditions associated with lower-limb weakness or impaired selective motor control. It may be particularly relevant for patients with reduced hip flexion, inadequate knee flexion, impaired limb advancement, poor foot clearance, asymmetrical gait, or compensatory gait strategies. Selected orthopedic patients may also benefit when appropriate weight-bearing and movement criteria have been achieved.
Expected benefits and functional outcomes:
Expected outcomes include improvements in swing-phase coordination, limb advancement, foot clearance, selective motor control, step symmetry, gait rhythm, walking efficiency, and gait confidence. When combined with progressive strengthening, balance training, stance-phase control, and task-specific walking practice, these changes may contribute to improved gait speed, walking distance, stair negotiation, obstacle crossing, household mobility, and community ambulation. Functional outcomes can be monitored using the 10-Meter Walk Test, 6-Minute Walk Test, Timed Up and Go, Functional Ambulation Category, gait analysis, and patient-specific mobility goals.